10 Best Exhaust System for Jeep Wrangler JK 2024 – Reviews with Buying Guides

Perhaps you are wondering about an efficient way to improve the power of your vehicle. To do so, simply purchase the best exhaust system for Jeep Wrangler JK.

After installing these parts, you will be able to enjoy more powersfrom your vehicle.

Best Choice
MagnaFlow Performance Exhaust System 15160: Axle-Back, Street Series, For 2007-2017 Jeep Wrangler,...
Good Choice
Flowmaster 817674 American Thunder Cat-back Exhaust System
Don't Miss
Dynomax Super Turbo 39510 Exhaust System Kit for Jeep Wrangler
Also Consider
BORLA 11834 Axle-Back Performance Exhaust System for 2012-2018 Jeep Wrangler JK/JKU 3.6L V6...
MagnaFlow Performance Exhaust System 15160: Axle-Back, Street Series, For 2007-2017 Jeep Wrangler,...
Flowmaster 817674 American Thunder Cat-back Exhaust System
Dynomax Super Turbo 39510 Exhaust System Kit for Jeep Wrangler
BORLA 11834 Axle-Back Performance Exhaust System for 2012-2018 Jeep Wrangler JK/JKU 3.6L V6...
Best Choice
MagnaFlow Performance Exhaust System 15160: Axle-Back, Street Series, For 2007-2017 Jeep Wrangler,...
MagnaFlow Performance Exhaust System 15160: Axle-Back, Street Series, For 2007-2017 Jeep Wrangler,...
Good Choice
Flowmaster 817674 American Thunder Cat-back Exhaust System
Flowmaster 817674 American Thunder Cat-back Exhaust System
Don't Miss
Dynomax Super Turbo 39510 Exhaust System Kit for Jeep Wrangler
Dynomax Super Turbo 39510 Exhaust System Kit for Jeep Wrangler
Also Consider
BORLA 11834 Axle-Back Performance Exhaust System for 2012-2018 Jeep Wrangler JK/JKU 3.6L V6...
BORLA 11834 Axle-Back Performance Exhaust System for 2012-2018 Jeep Wrangler JK/JKU 3.6L V6...

Any vehicle needs an efficient removal of the gases produced during combustion. When these gases are not eliminated correctly, then this is a problem.

So, the best options allow you to optimize the performance and life of your vehicle in general.

Best Exhaust System for Jeep Wrangler JK – Comparison Table

Exhaust System – The Definition

Here we can mention that an exhaust system is one of the fundamental parts of the operation of every vehicle. Specifically, it consists of a manifold, some mufflers, and an exhaust pipe at the end.

Firstly, the collector has the objective of collecting each of the gases produced in the combustion process of the vehicle. The combustion process of any vehicle is what allows the fuel and other components to be transformed.

Here, this is converted into energy to drive the vehicle.

Once this combustion process happens, then gases are produced that must be removed.

The 10 Best Exhaust System for Jeep Wrangler JK

Beyond that, it can be a little difficult and overwhelming to choose the right option for you. That’s why we’ve analyzed the top 10 exhaust systems available today.

So, in just a few steps, you’ll have a new Jeep Wrangler JK in your garage.

01. MagnaFlow Jeep JK Large Stainless Steel Performance Exhaust System Kit

MagnaFlow Jeep JK Large Stainless Steel Performance Exhaust System Kit

 

One of the most important components for any vehicle is its exhaust system. First of all, we can list this component which is made of high-quality materials.

This way, your vehicle will have superior functionality from now on.

Stainless Steel Part

Stainless steel has been used to provide the highest functionality. Thus, a band clamp made of the same material is included here.

However, this component allows the creation of a precise seal when matching the hose with the exhaust pipe. Additionally, this component also prevents any kind of leakage that might occur.

In the same way, the black coating of this piece provides a more attractive design. In turn, this additional feature allows for additional protection of the entire system. This is why it is a highly convenient component.

Simple Installation

You will notice that this is a very simple part to install by any type of user. Each of these models has the appropriate design to be bolted onto your Jeep Wrangler vehicle.

You will also avoid spending some money since it is not necessary to hire a professional in the field. You will be able to install it yourself in a few steps and by following the instructions correctly.

More Power for Your Vehicle

Here it is important to mention that you will have excellent power, beyond the horsepower of your vehicle. In turn, the torque is not restricted in any way, as this exhaust system will do an excellent job.

In the same way, this exhaust system is resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. Besides, it withstands over 1000 degrees Fahrenheit temperature and over 1000 hours of salt spray.

Pros

  • Stainless steel component
  • Quick and easy installation
  • High level of resistance to deterioration

Cons

  • It is recommended to locate the vehicle at a height 

02. Flowmaster Jeep Wrangler American Thunder Single Rear Exit Cat-Back System with Moderate Sound

 Flowmaster Jeep Wrangler American Thunder Single Rear Exit Cat-Back System

 

Many times it is not very advisable to analyze only one option. That’s why other users may feel convinced when checking the best advantages of this component.

It is a highly recommended exhaust system for Jeep Wranglers and other models. Also, you get superior functionality.

Excellent Resistance

As with the best components, these parts are made of highly durable stainless steel. So this will allow you to have a good result in the most intense uses.

Besides, the design of this exhaust system provides better results than other options. Here you will notice that the sound level becomes aggressive. 

So this can be something that many users will notice. Also, you will notice that the design of this system will allow you to drive on all kinds of uneven roads. This means that traveling off-road will not be a problem.

Simple Installation

As with other options, installation is very simple here too. You will need to have some basic knowledge if you want to save some money. Beyond that, it is possible to avoid wasting too much time thanks to the design of these parts.

You should also bear in mind that the exhaust pipes included here are somewhat high. You should, therefore, consider the location of the bumper of your Jeep Wrangler.

Optimal Functionality for Your Vehicle

Here you will not only or have an excellent sound for your vehicle. Beyond that, it is a set of parts that are up to the highest performance. So if you want to improve your driving day after day, it is advisable to acquire this model.

Here the polished stainless steel tip is 3 inches. Here too, laminar flow technology has been combined for optimum results.

Pros

  • 409S stainless steel part
  • Quick and easy installation
  • Height design for uneven paths

Cons

  • Sound too aggressive

03. aFe Jeep Wrangler JK V6-3.8/3.6L Engine Scorpion Aluminized Hi-Tuck Axle-Back Exhaust System

aFe Jeep Wrangler JK V6-3.8/3.6L Engine Scorpion Aluminized Hi-Tuck Axle-Back Exhaust System

 

Today a large number of users believe that the design of an exhaust system is the most important aspect. That is why we should mention this model that specializes in Jeep Wrangler vehicles.

Here you will be able to acquire a part that is constructed with highly resistant metals.

Also, you can improve the power of your JK V6-3.8 or 3.6-liter vehicle.

Optimal Design

On the one hand, we can mention that the cost-benefit ratio is one of the most appropriate. In principle, this is due to the mandrel-bent aluminized steel that has been used in the design of this exhaust system.

This provides a longer life for the user.

In the same way, this is of great importance to avoid various inconveniences related to the exhaust system. Along with this, you will have all the necessary accessories to start enjoying the new operation of your vehicle.

Simple Installation

As is often the case with other options, here to you can enjoy a very simple installation. In this way, you will avoid losing money in hiring experts in the field.

Here you only need two pieces that make up the entire exhaust system design. By following the instructions correctly, you will be able to do a good job in a very short time.

Power and Sound

On the other hand, this system has a 13-inch silencer. Therefore, this will give you an aggressive sound to give your Jeep another personality. Additionally, the high-quality coating prevents corrosion from the most intense uses.

So you’ll notice that your Jeep Wrangler model will be more responsive on every trip.

Pros

  • Excellent aggressive sound
  • Superior anti-corrosion coating
  • Easy installation and accessories included

Cons

  • Regular life span 

04. Gibson Performance Cat-Back Dual Split Exhaust System for Jeep Wrangler

Gibson 17306-B Black Ceramic Dual Extreme Cat-Back Exhaust System

 

Another exhaust system that users choose is the dual design or split rear exits. Here it is possible to obtain superior functionality than conventional designs.

You may even find that the functionality allows for results that are up to the standard of high-end options.

To do this, it is necessary to list the good features.

High-performance Design

First of all, high durability stainless steel has been used here for more convenient use. Even that feature will have the ability to withstand the most intense uses from your next trips. Besides, the black coating offers superior protection at all times.

This will make it much easier to prevent possible leaks that may occur in any component. This is why it is an excellent combination of strength and attractive design.

Very Convenient Installation

As with other models, we can mention here that the installation is very simple for any user. It is even a single piece with an easy installation design.

So, you won’t waste time and money hiring other people to do the job.

Also, you will notice that the T-304 stainless steel tips and the black finish provide the ideal touch to your vehicle.

Extra Power

As mentioned by the experts, one of the most recommended options is the dual exhaust system. In particular, this feature allows your vehicle to remove more toxic components from the interior.

That’s why your Jeep Wrangler vehicle will get superior performance day after day. Besides, this feature will allow you to take care of the rest of the components, to reduce repair costs. 

Pros

  • Attractive black design
  • Double rear exit
  • Very simple and fast installation

Cons

  • Only compatible with Jeep Wrangler 

05. Dynomax Stainless Steel Axle-Back Exhaust System for Jeep Wrangler JK

Dynomax Stainless Steel Axle-Back Exhaust System for Jeep Wrangler JK

 

When you need to change some parts of your Jeep Wrangler, you should check out this axle backup system. Here it is a set of components with a good cost-benefit ratio.

In this sense, you will be getting exactly what you are looking for.

So, this simply means superior functionality, along with a good level of strength.

High-quality Materials

Here we can mention that a combination of stainless steel with glass fiber has been used to obtain superior performance. In this sense, this set of parts provides a design that allows the elimination of all types of turbulence.

Even this aspect is what convinced many users of Jeep Wrangler.

Additionally, the exhaust flow can be eliminated more efficiently. So you can get extra power when you need it most. At the same time, this avoids some common damage that happens in the exhaust systems.

Proper Installation

In particular, this brand’s exhaust systems are intelligently designed. This means that you can screw this exhaust system to your vehicle in a simple way. This means that you can avoid wasting time by being able to install it within a few hours.

After that, you will notice that your vehicle will have superior functionality.

Efficient and Effective Power

One of the most important aspects here is that the flow of the exhaust can be found at its optimum point. Also, the backpressure is greatly reduced due to this same design.

Besides, you will notice that the sound level generated is smooth. This avoids the high sound levels that are annoying for many users. This is undoubtedly one of the best options available today.

Pros

  • Quick and convenient installation
  • High strength and quality materials
  • Soft Sound Type

Cons

  • Functionality and intermediate power

06. DynoMax Heavy-duty Stainless Steel Exhaust System for Jeep

DynoMax Heavy-duty Stainless Steel Exhaust System for Jeep

 

Here we must mention another of the models similar to the exhaust systems we have already analyzed. However, it is a key part of some Jeep Wrangler vehicles from 2007 to 2011, and from 2012 to 2015.

Beyond that, it is an essential part that a Jeep vehicle must-have. This way, you can get superior functionality.

Efficient Construction and Design

Once again we can mention that the design of this unit is very convenient. Here too you will have a double rear outlet for more efficient exhaust flow. As mentioned, this feature gives you the possibility to more easily remove toxic components from the vehicle.

Thus, this can also offer you the possibility to protect your vehicle. Since it is a part made of stainless steel, the service life is longer. This means that the money needed for future repairs will not be as high.

Convenient Installation

As with this model of the exhaust system and others, installation is convenient. This means you won’t waste too much time installing it in your vehicle. You won’t need much technical knowledge to do so.

After you screw this part in and follow the proper steps, your job is complete.

Extra Power for the Vehicle

Here we can mention that the level of noise generated is moderate. So this will not be a nuisance for users who want a quiet sound. Also, since it is a super turbo system, your Jeep Wrangler will be more responsive.

In this way, you will be able to drive all kinds of roads on your next trips.

Pros

  • Double exhaust system
  • Part made of stainless steel
  • Installation in a few hours

Cons

  • Regular sound level

07. ECOTRIC Jeep Wrangler Matte Black/Dual CatBack Exhaust Muffler System

ECOTRIC Jeep Wrangler Matte Black/Dual CatBack Exhaust Muffler System

 

One of the best ways to optimize any Jeep Wrangler vehicle is to purchase a dual exhaust system. Even this can be even better if it is a part with a very nice matte black color.

However, these are not the only good features you can take advantage of. Here too, it is a component with excellent service life and high functionality.

Excellent Service Life

Here we can note that it is an exhaust system that is made of high strength stainless steel. In this sense, it is an ideal piece to support the most intense uses.

Besides, the sound level generated is aggressive and gives your vehicle a unique personality.

On the other hand, the passages and chambers are lined on the inside with insulation that has fiberglass. This results in an excellent sound level that is not excessive.

Proper Installation

Here we can list what is an installation process that requires some technical knowledge. The appropriate instructions are not included here so it is necessary to consider the help of a professional.

Beyond that, this is a single piece that is compatible with some models and Wrangler from 2007 to 2017.

Extra Power for the Vehicle

Finally, it is necessary to mention that the exhaust flow is largely optimized. Along with this, you will notice that the diameter of the piping tip is 5 inches.

So this can give you better results overall.

Also, you will be incorporating a unique category detail for your Jeep Wrangler vehicle.

Pros

  • The attractive design in matt black
  • High-quality functionality
  • Heavy-duty design and construction

Cons

  • Installation instructions not included 

08. aFe Power Heavy-duty Mach Force-Xp Jeep Wrangler’s Cat-Back Exhaust System

aFe Power Heavy-duty Mach Force-Xp Jeep Wrangler’s Cat-Back Exhaust System

 

As we continue to investigate good options, this model is another one that can offer a good result. This is an exhaust system with an excellent cost-benefit ratio. You will notice that it does not require a large budget to obtain an efficient exhaust system.

In turn, you will have other positive secondary features.

High-quality Design

Here you will have all the necessary parts to install this exhaust system. This is an exhaust system that is made of highly durable stainless steel.

Therefore, this will give you the possibility of obtaining a longer life and care for your vehicle.

It is quite common for an exhaust system of questionable quality to affect other parts of a Jeep Wrangler. That’s why it’s not a good idea to buy just any exhaust system on the market today.

Efficient Installation

As we have mentioned, here you will be able to count on all the necessary elements to carry out a good installation. Even this means that the different components you will have to use are included.

Beyond that, it is a design that saves you a lot of time and money.

Extra Power

In principle, this exhaust system can be installed at a height in your vehicle. Therefore, since it is a Jeep Wrangler model this feature is important. Here you will have the possibility to drive on uneven roads as well as on the highway.

Besides, the exhaust flow is efficient at all times. So this feature can benefit the overall operation of your vehicle.

Pros

  • Easy-to-install design
  • High altitude exhaust system
  • Stainless steel components

Cons

  • Intermediate sound level 

09. Borla Extreme Power Jeep Wrangler’s Rear-Section Exhaust System

Borla Extreme Power Jeep Wrangler’s Rear-Section Exhaust System

 

One of the most important aspects is the level of confidence that an exhaust system can offer you. That’s why this particular model can ensure excellent performance for your Jeep Wrangler vehicle.

Along with this, you will be able to get superior functionality from the entire exhaust system. This will undoubtedly benefit the rest of your vehicle.

Heavy-duty Part

Just like the best options, this exhaust system is made of the best materials. In particular, it uses 304 stainless steel for a much longer life.

Along with this, you will notice that you get excellent resistance to corrosion and the most intense uses of your vehicle.

On the other hand, it is necessary to mention that this design can offer an intermediate sound level. In combination with the double rear exit, this component is ideal for your Jeep Wrangler vehicle.

Short Installation

As with the best components, the design of this unit offers easy installation. With just a little knowledge, you can install this new exhaust system. Also, all the necessary components are included so that you can do a good job.

So if your Jeep Wrangler is from 2012-2013 you should purchase this option.

Extra Functionality

Here it is possible to obtain a more efficient exhaust flow at all times. So when a vehicle removes toxic components more easily, then the result is better. In other words, this means that your vehicle can provide you with greater responsiveness at all times.

Besides, the specific design of this exhaust system allows you to drive on rough roads or highways. 

Pros

  • Stainless steel components
  • Double rear exit design
  • Short and easy installation

Cons

  • Only for Jeep Wrangler 2012-2013

10. RED ROCK Massive Powerful Dual Outlet Axle Back Exhaust System for Jeep Wrangler JK

RED ROCK Massive Powerful Dual Outlet Axle Back Exhaust System for Jeep Wrangler JK

 

Last but not least, this exhaust system is ideal for various Jeep Wrangler JK models. So if your vehicle is 2007-2018 you can optimize the functionality on each of your next trips.

At the same time, you won’t need a large budget to do so.

Excellent Quality Components

For the construction of this exhaust system, 409 stainless steel has been used. As we have mentioned this metal is the most recommended to avoid corrosion and to offer other benefits.

Together with this, you can count on a high resistance that can withstand the most intense uses.

Beyond that, this exhaust system can enhance the functionality of other components of your vehicle. Also, this allows you to avoid and diminish the general failures of your Jeep Wrangler.

Quick Installation

Once again, we can mention that the installation process is very simple to do by any user. The design offers a bolt-on installation that will prevent you from wasting time.

So, by following the instructions correctly, you can avoid spending money on a professional.

At the same time, no modifications or cuts will be necessary for the current parts of your vehicle.

Extra Power

As mentioned, a good exhaust system optimizes the exhaust flow at all times. This allows your vehicle to achieve more power through rapid waste removal. At the same time, the sound level generated is between moderate and aggressive.

So, your current vehicle will have a new and more pleasant personality.

Pros

  • 409 stainless steel exhaust system
  • Simple bolt-on installation
  • Dual rear exit design

Cons

  • Regular sound level 

How to Buy the Best Exhaust System for Jeep Wrangler JK

Exhaust System for Jeep Wrangler JK

After analyzing the best options, your final choice may be somewhat difficult. Therefore, it is important to analyze some key aspects that will allow you to make a better decision.

Not all exhaust systems can provide you with the same advantages. So the following 5 items will be helpful to you.

Exhaust System Design

Here it is important to consider that exhaust system designs are not all the same. In principle, you can find either double-ended rear exhaust systems or single-ended rear exhaust systems.

Here the single-ended rear exhaust system is an average choice.

So, this means functionality for your vehicle and the elimination of intermediate exhaust flow. Additionally, dual exhaust systems offer two separate tailpipes.

Generally speaking, these types of systems can provide more effective removal of toxic components in the interior.

Thus, as a vehicle becomes more powerful it needs to remove more toxic components. So, if you want a high-performance vehicle, a dual exhaust system is recommended.

Construction and Materials

One of the main aspects that determine the service life is the materials from which an exhaust system is made. Here we have taken into account the options using high-quality 409 and T-304 stainless steel.

Each of these has the potential to provide excellent use, even in the face of intensive vehicle operation.

In the same way, only high-strength materials can withstand the corrosion of the vehicle and the passage of time. Besides, some models can have a black finish.

So this can provide additional protection for the exhaust system. In particular, this small detail has the potential to reduce the risk of leakage somewhere in the exhaust system.

Installation Process

To be clear, an exhaust system that is very difficult to install is not very convenient. Even without the proper design, you would need to modify or cut out some parts of your vehicle. Of course, this increases costs greatly, without ensuring good results.

That’s why the design of an efficient exhaust system must take this into account. The options we have chosen include a bolt-on installation. This avoids the need to make any current modifications to your vehicle. Also, this feature will allow you to perform the installation yourself.

All you need to do is get the instructions right. In turn, this way, you will be saving time and money in hiring a professional.

Sound Level

Here another important aspect of an exhaust system is the sound level it can generate. On the one hand, some users prefer moderate to aggressive sound.

For them, it would be insufficient to purchase an exhaust system that produces a soft tone. 

On the other hand, other users do not want to get too aggressive a sound in their vehicle. It would be a very bad choice for them to purchase a very noisy exhaust system.

That is why it is highly recommended to analyze each option to make the best decision. 

Height and Diameter of the Tubes

On the one hand, it is important to consider how high your new exhaust system will go in your Jeep Wrangler vehicle. As a result, this type of vehicle is often used on highways, as well as on uneven roads.

So, if you want to use your vehicle on difficult surfaces, you need a good height exhaust system.

In particular, this will prevent your exhaust system from hitting the ground. In turn, this provides greater protection for your vehicle and of course your new exhaust system.

On the other hand, the diameter of the pipes is related to the functionality you want to obtain.

Simply put, the larger the pipe tip diameter, the more convenient the result. This way, your vehicle will have more efficient exhaust flow removal.

Therefore, your vehicle interior will have unobstructed functionality.

Functionalities of Exhaust System

In turn, this whole procedure generates a set of noises that are released along with the gases. This is why mufflers are included in the exhaust systems.

In this way, these sounds generated during the combustion of the vehicle can be modified.

Here some users prefer to get a more aggressive sound, and others a softer sound. Beyond that, it is important to have an efficient exhaust system.

When an exhaust system is clogged, then the vehicle’s power output decreases considerably.

In turn, when there is no efficient removal of exhaust flow, it can also be a problem. Each of these wastes and gases that must be removed can begin to build up inside the vehicle.

After enough time, then other parts of your vehicle may begin to fail.

That’s why a malfunctioning exhaust system can damage other parts of the vehicle over time. So to take care of your Jeep Wrangler you should choose the best exhaust system.

FAQ’s of the Best Exhaust for Jeep Wrangler

Best exaust system for jeep wrangler jk

What year Jeep JK is the best?

Ans: According to experts, the best year for Jeep Wrangler JK is 2011. Here a lot of features of this vehicle model have managed to efficiently surpass its predecessors.

That is why the users with the most positive opinions have a 2011 Jeep Wrangler vehicle.

Similarly, the worst year for Jeep Wrangler JK is 2012. Even after the launch of this year’s model, overall results have been poor. However, some users have obtained good experiences with a 2012 model.

Q: What exhaust system sounds the best?

Ans: Here it is important to clarify that different exhaust systems can provide different types of sound. Some of them can provide a smooth, low sound level.

This is ideal for those users who do not want to get a noisy vehicle.

In the same vein, there are also exhaust systems with the ability to produce moderate or aggressive sounds. Therefore, in our top 10 list, you will find both types of exhaust systems.

So, you will have to decide which one is the best. 

Q: Is an aftermarket exhaust worth it?

Ans: Without a doubt, you can get the best functionality with one of the 10 options we have analyzed. These days there are a lot of different exhaust systems with regular performance and quality.

So, in a very simple way, you will find some inconveniences.

In this sense, an exhaust system of questionable quality will not be able to provide you with the highest performance and functionality for your Jeep Wrangler.

Moreover, not all options can include a simple and easy installation.

Even some exhaust systems require modifications and cuts to your current vehicle. So, this increases costs and does not ensure good results. 

Q: Do exhaust systems improve performance?

Ans: Simply put, a good exhaust system can provide several benefits for your vehicle. On the one hand, the efficiency and power of the engine are increased considerably.

This is because the gases produced in the vehicle’s combustion are more easily removed.

So, these are one less obstacle for the proper functioning of your vehicle. Also, dual rear exhaust systems can be combined with a large tailpipe diameter.

In particular, this option is recommended for one of the highest performance levels of an exhaust system.

After the first trip, you will notice that the extra power can be very useful.

Q: Does removing catalytic converter increase horsepower?

Ans: One of the secrets to obtaining a considerable amount of extra power is by removing catalytic converters. That’s why it’s common to notice this type of modification on vehicles that have more extra power.

So, you may notice a peculiar set of characteristics when doing this.

On the one hand, exhaust gases can be more easily removed. Therefore, this means removing the exhaust gases more quickly and at higher levels.

However, this is not useful for vehicles that are not modified for more power. So this is an excellent tactic for only a few cases. 

Q: How much HP does a muffler delete add?

Ans: In general, we can mention that removing the muffler from the exhaust system does not offer much benefit. At best you can only get about 5 extra horsepower.

Beyond that, the functionality of the exhaust system will not be the most appropriate without this component.

So, you won’t have any extra power without the muffler. Conversely, a vehicle that is modified and has more power can benefit. When a modified vehicle eliminates the standard mufflers, you can get more power.

However, this is only a few cases of users who have a heavily modified vehicle. 

Final Words

After you have purchased the best components for your vehicle, you will begin to notice the difference. Today a lot of users decide to buy a new exhaust system.

So if you are one of them, you can buy the best exhaust system for Jeep Wrangler JK here. 

Specifically, this is a set of parts that can improve the overall performance of your vehicle. When your vehicle can eliminate the exhaust gases more efficiently, the result is superior.

Simply put, you’ll be taking care of the rest of your vehicle’s components.

Even with the right exhaust system, you’ll be able to ride all kinds of roads, highways, and uneven surfaces. It’s certainly one of the best investments you can make for this long-haul vehicle.